A lot of energy conservation efforts focus on technological fixes. The model showed a significant effect with the addition of feedback (Period 2/Sticker Period compared to Period 3/Sticker+Feedback Period in experimental building, mean difference = 5.2, p = 0.014 and Period 1/Baseline Period compared to Period 3/Sticker+Feedback Period in experimental building, mean difference = 9.3, p = 0.004). In laboratory settings, there is one door that many people do not close consistently: the fume hood sash. Keep the sash at 18 inches or lessfrom the working surface while working in the hood to ensure maximum flow rate and to protect yourself from potential chemical splashes or explosions. In the occupied state, mean number of times hoods were left open dropped 25.6% in the experimental building during the sticker period, and 52.8% overall (from baseline through sticker plus feedback). The following guidelines should be followed if your alarm activates: If you are having problems with your fume hood, contact EH&S at 206.543.9510. Thinking, Fast and Slow. (2019). During the follow-up period 1 year after the intervention, hoods in the control building were left open while unoccupied an average of 10 times, the same as Period 1/Baseline. Do not block slots. Contact the University Operations Center at (617) 495-5560 [HMS/HSDM (617) 432-1901] Remain in a safe location until EH&S or other response personnel arrive. The intervention in the experimental building consisted first of a sticker placed on fume hoods (see Figure 3). Laboratory Fume Hoods Recommended Work Practices fume hood that is properly designed and operated will provide adequate user protection under most laboratory working conditions. Fume Hoods and Biosafety Cabinets - University of California, Santa Cruz Hoods in the experimental building were left open while unoccupied an average of 17.1 times, an increase from the Period 3/Sticker + Feedback period (12.7), slightly lower than the Period 2/Sticker period (17.9), and lower than the Baseline period (22.1) (see Table 4). Interventions to break and create consumer habits. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015, Feder, E., Robinson, J., and Wakefield, S. (2012). View the full answer. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014, Kollmuss, A., and Agyeman, J. In the US, there are strict laws from OSHA, and you're asking for a hefty fine per violation if . Automatic Fume Hood Sash Closure Demonstration and Test. These shutdowns can be the result of planned maintenance work as well as unplanned events such as equipment failureor power outages. Fume Hoods: Use, Inspection and Maintenance | EHS The two interdisciplinary science buildings chosen for the study house a mix of molecular biology, biomedical engineering, genetics, biotechnology, and nutrition labs using similar types of substances in experiments. Appl. Solved 1. One chemical that you will be using during this | Chegg.com Received: 14 August 2019; Accepted: 10 December 2019; Published: 21 January 2020. Habits are a specially defined type of learned cognition or behavior characterized in part by automaticity. doi: 10.1108/14676371011058523, Wood, W., and Neal, D. T. (2009). Fume hoods should be used when working with toxic compounds or compounds with a boiling point below 120C. (2010) found that actual energy savings were less than expected because the fume hoods in the study were equipped with combination sashes (horizontal and vertical sashes). J. Soc. J. Consum. The habitual consumer. Research has relied on self-report (Verplanken and Orbell, 2003; Verplanken, 2006; Sniehotta and Presseau, 2011). A small number of universities have undertaken research on behavioral interventions specifically for fume hood closure. Treatment of lab samples, uncompromised operations, convenience, and standardization of lab practices were all reported as being in conflict with energy conservation. GEE accounts for lack of independence among data points. 95, 10821095. eep baffles and other ventilation openings clean, free of accumulating dust, and unobstructed by collections of numerous containers. In addition, the hood is frequently the focus of the most hazardous activities conducted in the laboratory. With some foresight, automated building management systems can be programmed to make it easy to extract data that can be used to provide feedback or to track behaviors, ultimately to reduce energy consumption in buildings. In this example, the fume hood sash is set at the proper height (18 inches). The connection to the environment, particularly the physical environment, is an important aspect of habits. If possible, elevate equipment and containers two to three inches above the working surface using perforated or slotted shelving to minimize disruption to the airflow. For their assistance with this research project, the authors wish to thank Ellen Sweet, Cornell Environmental Health and Safety; Pete Meenan, Todd Pfeiffer, and Erin Moore of Facilities Management; Erika Mudra of the Statistical Consulting Unit; and research assistants in the Wells Lab at Cornell University. In a large randomized field experiment, providing comparative feedback that suggested normative energy usage succeeded in reducing household energy use by 2% (Allcott, 2011). While there were significant educational efforts at the university around environmental issues generally, participants noted that they lacked information specific to labs, including energy use and cost. Joan Hutzly 5:146. doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00146. Purchase and consumption habits: not necessarily what you intend. 31, 359387. Available online at: https://green.harvard.edu/programs/green-labs/shut-sash-program, Graybiel, A. M. (2008). Fume hoods do not prevent accidents or chemical splashes. Items contaminated with odorous or hazardous materials should be removed from the hood only after decontamination or if placed in a closed outer container to avoid releasing contaminants into the laboratory air. The following study was designed to test whether a simple, low-cost intervention will increase fume hood closure behavior. Keep the sash completely lowered any time an experiment is in progress and the hood is unattended. Pollution Control: An unfiltered fume hood is not a pollution control . If people are rinsing with acetone at the sink, that is probably an environmental safety violation. Reasons: 1)Iron- It is an element of atomic number 26. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Proper use of the fume-hood sash can also shield the worker from an uncontrolled reaction. The fume hood must be operated with thesash no higher thanthe red arrow. Habit and intention in everyday life: the multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Mean number of times hoods left open. Storing materials in this way is, therefore, a misuse of an expensive piece of equipment. Modern fume hoods typically use variable air volume (VAV) fans, which change speed depending on how far the sash is open. Table 2. LEED is a building rating and certification system used to guide the construction and renovation of buildings and building systems for energy conservation as well as for water conservation, healthy and sustainable materials, indoor air quality, and more. When visible, it seems as though the sticker is an effective reminder to close the hood. Public Policy Market. The wash should go into a waste bottle. Examples are perchloric acid or high-pressure reactions. PDF Laboratory Safety Guideline Each time period in the analyses consisted of 2 weeks3. The NOC refers to the position of the sash established when the hood was installed and certified (i.e. During the intervention periods, results did not support hypotheses stating that the installation of the sticker alone would result in a decrease in the number of times fume hoods were left open (when occupied or unoccupied), but did support hypotheses stating the addition of feedback would result in a decrease in the number of times fume hoods were left open. (615) 322-5000, Making Health Care Personal If large equipment must be placed in the hood, put it on blocks to raise it approximately 2 inches above the surface so that air may pass beneath it. Expert Answer. Social norms and energy conservation. Keep the hood sash clean and clear. Refer questions concerning biosafety cabinets to the OCRS Biosafety Officer (322-2057). (2012) implemented a multi-faceted campaign for fume hood closure and measured results immediately and several months later. In the event of lab move outand someservices/repairs, lab personnel and researchers are responsible for decontamination of their fume hoods. The number of times fume hoods were left open in Periods 2 and 3 (when the sticker and then sticker+feedback interventions were in place in the experimental building) increased significantly (mean difference = 2.3, p = 0.039; mean difference = 3.0, p = 0.004). Changing the context, or altering the environment can bring a person's conscious awareness to a situation. At universities and other research institutions, laboratory buildings in particular are a focus of energy conservation efforts because of their high energy use stemming from HVAC requirements and other equipment use (Woolliams et al., 2005; Mathew et al., 2007). Keep baffles and other ventilation openings clean, free of accumulating dust, and unobstructed by collections of numerous containers. However, if the environment changesif we climb into the back of a rideshare van with an unfamiliar seat belt configurationthen buckling a seat belt rises to a level of consciousness again. Hood sash is set too high (above 18 inches). The suggested safe level can be mistaken as the appropriate level to keep the sash at all times, rather than just when in use (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). Fume hood behavior is no different (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). Using a Fume Hood All fume hood users should take Fume Hood Training to properly understand the elements of a hood and to learn about proper fume hood use. Such actions are examples of habits. Hypothesis 2: The addition of feedback will further decrease the number of times fume hoods are left open when the fume hood area is occupied. Am. user working under the same fume hood, must be posted to indicate the working piranha solution, corrosive and explosive hazards, and contact information of person responsible for the piranha etching process. Handling Radioactive Materials Safely | Office of Environmental Health Energy savings were not calculated for this study, but depend on how a building and its equipment are designed. Place containers and equipment toward the sides of the hood to reduce obstruction of the exhaust slots. A fume hood is a ventilated enclosure in which gases, vapors and fumes are contained. Change, 23, 10281038. Hypothesis 4 posited that the addition of feedback would further decrease the number of times the fume hoods were left open when an area was occupied. Built Environ. A fume hood is used to control exposure of the hood user and lab occupants to hazardous or odorous chemicals and prevent their release into the laboratory. When walking through labs, the researcher wore safety glasses and followed other guidelines regarding dress and procedures. Int. Straight comparison of results with similar studies is difficult, as this experiment used count data (emphasizing each act of closure) and accounted for occupancy. Diagram. An alteration in the environment coupled with conscious awareness has the potential to disrupt a habit and perhaps create an opportunity for a different habit to form. The model was specified with negative binomial distribution with log link, which is appropriate for models with count data with a lot of variability. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.674, Li, C., Hong, T., and Yan, D. (2014). Bench top use of chemicals that present an inhalation hazard is strongly discouraged. 6, 363382. Used appropriately, a fume hood can be a very effective device for containment of hazardous materials, as well as providing some protection from splashes and minor over pressurizations. Fume Hood Proper Work Practices - Office of Environmental Health and Safety The exhaust slot has not been blocked. Additionally, some components of older hoods may contain asbestos and therefore should not be damaged. Harvard University. When working with an experiment under a fume hood a - Course Hero EOE/AA/Women/Minority/Vets/Disabled, Copyright 2023 by Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The model showed a significant effect with the addition of feedback (Period 2/Sticker Period compared to Period 3/Sticker+Feedback period in experimental building, mean difference = 3.5, p = 0.05 and Period 1/Baseline Period compared to Period 3/Sticker+Feedback period in experimental building, mean difference = 6.6, p = 0.012). Without non-conscious processesincluding habitsit would be difficult for us to navigate our daily lives, where we make countless decisions and carry out numerous repeated behaviors (Neal et al., 2006). Sash lowered as much as possible. When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize clutter. Psychol. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x, Verplanken, B., Walker, I., Davis, A., and Jurasek, M. (2008). i. The following work practices are to be followed when hazardous materials, equipment and operations are being used inside laboratory fume hoods. 5. PDF A Guide to Laboratory Fume Hoods doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851, Gregory, G. D., and Leo, M. D. (2003). One year later, results suggest that the sticker alone was enough to continue to reduce the number of times fume hoods were left open, but only in the occupied state. A number of older wood fume hoods and fume cupboards are still maintained. Overall, the patterns observed in the data during the course of the experiment suggest it is unlikely that regression to the mean was a driving factor behind the findings. Second, with custom combinations of events, presentations, information campaigns, and emails, existing interventions are difficult to replicate. Dishpan type containers are provided by EHS upon request. (1990). Specifically, the intervention includes a closure signifier (sticker) and comparative feedback. If you have concerns regarding your fume hood during a shutdown orneed help troubleshooting issues with your equipment, contact Environmental Health & Safety at 206.543.9510. The sash should be closed if no one is actively working at the fume hood. d) make sure to put your head inside the fume hood and carefully inspect the reaction taking place. Interactions 15, 1819. Bull. Wesolowski et al. The ability to remove the sticker to isolate its effectiveness without initial feedback, or to randomly assign the order of feedback and sticker, as well as a longer experimentation time would also be useful in future studies. Fume hoods, or other effective local ventilation, must be provided and used when the materials used will exceed exposure limits in the laboratory. A., Drake, M. J., Kumar, D., Anders, A. S., Wang, E. N., et al. For optimum performance, adjust the baffles when working with high temperature equipment and/or heavy gases or vapors. Lab fume hood closure behavior corresponds well with the concept of habit. In the experimental building, there was no main effect of the sticker on closure activity, comparing the unoccupied Baseline Period to data 1 year later (mean difference = 5.0, p = 0.168). Stanford Fume Hood Energy Conservation. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.03.003, Bargh, J. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.925, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Becerra, L. L., Ferrua, J. The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. PDF Laboratory Fume Hoods Recommended Work Practices Fume Hoods | SMU Risk Management 262 Alexander Street doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.10.005, Verplanken, B., and Wood, W. (2006). 4. doi: 10.1108/14676370510623856, Yudelson, J., and Meyer, U. We continuously think, act, and make decisions with no conscious awareness. Once formed in a specific environment, habits are then triggered by that environment. For example, buckling a seat belt is an action we have to consciously learn initially, but then it becomes a non-conscious habit over time with repetition in the same environment (i.e., our car). doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.523, U.S. Department of Energy (2012). People dealing with radioactive, potentially infectious, or other specific hazardous materials are required to complete additional training. Other non-conscious processes have roots in conscious thought and action and then, through repeated exposures and action over time, become automatic (Bargh and Chartrand, 1999; Bargh and Ferguson, 2000; Graybiel, 2008). Fume Hood Basics: 5 Best Practices - Labconco A., and Ferguson, M. J. INSIDE FUME HOOD OR VENTILATED ENCLOSURE (< 500 ml) Be aware of ventilation system shutdowns and do not use the hood when the ventilation system serving the roomis shut down. Strategies for promoting proenvironmental behavior: lots of tools but few instructions. Int. EH&S performs a functional performance test to assure hoods perform as required about every 18 months. Laboratory buildings can consume four to five times more energy than commercial buildings of similar size (Woolliams et al., 2005). It's a good idea to test the fume hood safety is working. Feedback included an image for each fume hood in the buildinga smiley face for fume hoods that were rarely left open unoccupied, a straight face for fume hoods sometimes left open unoccupied, and a surprised face for often open when unoccupied (see Figure 4). Containers are stored too close (within 6 inches) of the face of the hood. A laboratory fume hood is a ventilated enclosure where hazardous materials can be handled safely. One week after posting, the feedback was updated. NW assisted in study design, oversaw study implementation, and edited and contributed to the final manuscript. In the control building, there was no significant change from the Baseline Period to the Sticker Period (mean difference = 0.3, p = 0.814). An insight into actual energy use and its drivers in high-performance buildings. Eight months after the campaign, the compliance rate dropped significantly (to 14.5%), but not back to pre-campaign levels. (2009). Available online at: http://www.i2sl.org/elibrary/documents/ucirvine_2013.pdf, Verplanken, B. Results are consistent with a sash patrol campaign (Feder et al., 2012), which achieved an unoccupied closure rate of 61.3%, a large improvement over the 3.1% closure rate prior to the experiment. If we are able to make decisions, interact socially, and behave automatically in environments and situations with which we are familiar, we are able to save highly valuable energy to deal with new, potentially dangerous environments and situations. Berkeley: Pacific Gas and Electric Company Emerging Technologies Program. The unbearable automaticity of being. Persistence of change: fume hood campaign lessons. A simple solution, like the sticker, might not work without something additional to bring it into conscious awareness initially or to suggest the importance of forming a new behavior. There was no main effect of the sticker on closure activity (Period 1/Baseline Period compared to Period 2/Sticker Period in experimental building, mean difference = 4.1, p = 0.224). There are two types of fume hoods at SMU: No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The purpose of the hood is to contain contaminants and prevent their escape into the laboratory. Educ. Joan Hutzly Energy conservation attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors in science laboratories. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Always work at least 6 inches into the fume hood and behind the sash; work with 1N solutions (or less) is allowed on open bench. PDF LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINE Piranha Solution It is advisable to use a laboratory hood when working with all hazardous substances. J. Environ. doi: 10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70037-2. The exhaust fan is typically stationed at the top of the building and pulls air through the duct work connected to the hood and exhausts it into the atmosphere. All electrical devices should be connected to receptacles located outside the hood to eliminate the potential for electrical arcing that could ignite a flammable or reactive chemical. Certain chemicals or reactions require specially constructed hoods. 2.1 Chemical Fume Hoods | Environment, Health and Safety Typical Fume Hood Design. Repeated behavior and environmental psychology: the role of personal involvement and habit formation in explaining water consumption. How a Fume Hood Works - Office of Environmental Health and Safety In the control building, there was no significant change from Period 1/Baseline Period to Period 2, when the sticker was in place in the experimental building (mean difference = 0.8, p = 0.462).
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when working with an experiment under a fume hood:
