first reported that NLR before chemotherapy was an independent factor for long-term mortality and related it to age and tumor size in breast cancer [266]. Plasilova M.L., Hayse B., Killelea B.K., Horowitz N.R., Chagpar A.B., Lannin D.R. The alternations within the physiological levels of the endogenous levels of sex hormones result in a higher risk of breast cancer in the case of premenopausal and postmenopausal women; these observations were also supported by the Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group [15,16,17]. The mutations within the above-mentioned genes are mainly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, however, sporadic mutations are also commonly reported. Cervical cancer is the most common in 23 countries. Patients with results of the assay (Recurrence Score) less than 11 had excellent disease-free survival at 6.9 years of 98.6% with endocrine therapy alone [187]. The risk increases with age; women at age of 40 years are nearly 1.9 times more susceptible compared to women under 40. Its incidence and death rates have increased over the last three decades due to the change in risk factor profiles, better cancer registration, and cancer detection. Globally, breast cancer was responsible for 684,996 deaths [95% UI, 675,493694,633] at an age-adjusted rate of 13.6/100,000 [5]. Wang Y., Luo M., Chen Y., Wang Y., Zhang B., Ren Z., Bao L., Wang Y., Wang J.E., Fu Y.-X., et al. Pegram M.D., Reese D.M. Kuong K.J., A Loeb L. APOBEC3B mutagenesis in cancer. Cancer Epidemiology | All Journal Issues - ScienceDirect government site. The dysregulated hormone levels during preeclampsia including increased progesterone and reduced estrogen levels along with insulin, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor-1, androgens, human chorionic gonadotropin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and IGF-1 binding protein deviating from the physiological ranges, show a protective effect preventing from breast carcinogenesis. AACR Journals Metrics | American Association for Cancer Research Dite G.S., MacInnis R.J., Liao Y., Zeinomar N., Knight J.A., Southey M.C., Milne R.L., Chung W.K., et al. Attempts were made to investigate a potential relationship between hypertensive medications, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as statins, and an elevated risk of breast cancer, however, this data remains highly inconsistent [83,84,85]. Combined biological therapy of breast cancer using monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2/protein and vascular endothelial growth factor. Further, radiation therapy is favorable in the case of metastatic or unresectable breast cancer [288]. Cancer risk in users of calcium channel blockers. Stat Bite: Lifetime Probability among Females of Dying of Cancer. Circulating microRNAs as specific biomarkers for breast cancer detection. Loss-of-function mutations in the TP53 (P53) gene have been found in numerous cancer types including osteosarcomas, leukemia, brain tumors, adrenocortical carcinomas, and breast cancers [223,224]. Invasive BCs comprise wide spectrum tumors that show a variation concerning their clinical presentation, behavior, and morphology. A family history of certain cancers can be a sign of a possible inherited cancer syndrome. We invite and encourage original Research Articles and Short Reports. The main research topics covered in this . P53 protein is essential for normal cellular homeostasis and genome maintenance by mediating cellular stress responses including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cellular senescence [225]. According to quite recent Polish research, mutations within the XRCC2 gene could also be potentially associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [39]. Lancet Glob Health. Zhao X., Qu J., Sun Y., Wang J., Liu X., Wang F., Zhang H., Wang W., Ma X., Gao X., et al. Patient selection for screening programmes is based on age and risk factors to avoid excessive false positive studies. Multiplex genetic cancer testing identifies pathogenic mutations in TP53 and CDH1in a patient with bilateral breast and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Moreover, high LMR levels are associated with favorable disease-free survival of breast cancer patients under neoadjuvant chemotherapy [273]. Some miRNAs are related to the development, progression, and response of the tumor to therapy [235]. Hu R.-J., Liu Q., Ma J.-Y., Zhou J., Liu G. Preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts breast cancer outcome: A meta-analysis. Therefore, surrogate subgroups based on pathological morphology and widely available immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are used as a tool for risk stratification and guidance of adjuvant therapy [174]. Treatment usually includes surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic therapy (chemotherapy, hormonal treatments, Claudin-Low Breast Cancer; Clinical & Pathological Characteristics. Verloop J., Van Leeuwen F.E., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Van Boven H.H., Rookus M.A. A combination of the routine pathological markers ER, PR, and HER2 is used to classify tumors into intrinsic subtypes [175]. Clinical staging uses the TNM anatomical information, grading, and expression of these three biomarkers. Besides, specific circRNAs have been reported in different types of breast cancer such as TNBC, HER2-positive, and ER-positive [221]. Badve S., Dabbs D.J., Schnitt S.J., Baehner F.L., Decker T., Eusebi V., Fox S., Ichihara S., Jacquemier J., Lakhani S.R., et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Tomorrow. In an extensive study on 27,031 cancer patients, Proctor et al. Read More About the Journal Editors Innes K.E., Byers T.E. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment of BC and might be either neoadjuvant or adjuvant. Prat A., Pineda E., Adamo B., Galvn P., Fernandez-Martinez A., Gaba L., Dez M., Viladot M., Arance A., Munoz M. Clinical implications of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. In breast cancer, the prevalence of TP53 mutations is present in approximately 80% of patients with the TNBC and 10% of patients with Luminal A disease [226]. ), Cancer risk factors include exposure to chemicals or other substances, as well as certain behaviors. Jiang L. Platelet releasate promotes breast cancer growth and angiogenesis via VEGFintegrin cooperative signal-ling. Open Access Articles - Cancer Epidemiology - Journal - Elsevier Two penultimate drugs along with abemaciclib and everolimus can also be used in HER2-negative and estrogen-positive breast cancer [304,305]. Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer: A meta-analysis of the literature. Mantovani A., Sozzani S., Locati M., Allavena P., Sica A. Macrophage polarization: Tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. In terms of breast cancer, most studies are currently focused on vitamin D supplementation confirming its potentially protective effects [109,110,111]. In contrast to subtype A, Luminal B tumors are higher grade and has worse prognosis. Impact Factor: According to the Journal Citation ReportsTM (JCR) from ClarivateTM, 2023, Impact Factors for the AACR Journals: Five-Year Impact Factor: The primary goal is generally to cure cancer or to considerably prolong life. Wokoorczyk D., Rusak B., Huzarski T., Gronwald J., Stempa K., Rudnicka H., Kashyap A., Dbniak T., et al. of patients who develop cancer. FDA Approval: Ribociclib for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Hormone ReceptorPositive, HER2-Negative Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer. However, Bartelink et al. Breast cancer incidence and death rates have increased over the last three decades. Zhang M., Huang X., Song Y.-X., Gao P., Sun J.-X., Wang Z.-N. High Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Poor Prognosis and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Billgren A.-M., Rutqvist, L.E., Tani E., Wilking N., Fornander T., Skoog L.A.M. Effects of Alcohol on the Endocrine System. Endocrinal therapy combined with chemotherapy is associated with the reduction of mortality rates amongst breast cancer patients [294]. Greater breast cancer risk with regards to BMI also correlates with the concomitant family history of breast cancer [98]. Kontani K., Kuroda N., Hashimoto S.-I., Murazawa C., Norimura S., Tanaka H., Ohtani M., Fujiwara-Honjo N., Kushida Y., Date M., et al. Iorio M., Croce C.M. Radiation Therapy in the Management of Breast Cancer. Features of triple-negative breast cancer. Azab et al. Since the expression of ERs, a very frequent phenomenon in breast cancer patients, its blockage via hormonal therapy is commonly used as one of the potential treatment modalities. Even though the mechanism remains yet undeciphered, regular physical activity is considered to be a protective factor of breast cancer incidence [86,87]. Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 38 Cohort Studies in 45 Study Reports. Platelets contain both pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines (P-selectin, CD40L, and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, and IL-6) and many anti-inflammatory cytokines. Freelander A., Brown L., Parker A., Segara D., Portman N., Lau B., Lim E. Molecular Biomarkers for Contemporary Therapies in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with benign breast disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Greater density of breasts is observed in females of younger age and lower BMI, who are pregnant or during the breastfeeding period, as well as during the intake of hormonal replacement therapy [62]. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: An overview of the randomised trials. Recent studies have reported the predictive role of the inflammatory cell ratios: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for prognosis in different cancers [258,259,260,261]. Brown J.R., Chinnaiyan A.M. . Moreover, breast cancer risk increases with greater diethylstilbestrol doses [76]. Disclosure of positive BRCA1/2-mutation status in young couples: The journey from uncertainty to bonding through partner support. Limiting your exposure to avoidable risk factors may lower your risk of developing certain cancers. For breast cancer, studies have shown that the density of TAMs is related to hormone receptor status, stage, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion [248,249,250,251]. physical, psychosocial and spiritual well-being and palliative care in terminal stages of cancer. MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: Diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. Refinement of breast cancer classification by molecular characterization of histological special types. Obr A.E., Edwards D.P. These factorsER, PR, HER2, grade, and multigene assaysare recommended in practice to define prognosis [183,184]. In less developed countries (Costa Rica, India, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand) the survival rates were 76.3% and 47.4% for localized and regional breast cancer respectively [10]. detecting cancer early and avoiding delays in care. Knight J.A., Genkinger J.M., Phillips K.-A., Daly M.B., Milne R.L., Dite G.S., Kehm R.D., Liao Y., et al. Even though chemotherapy is considered to be effective, its usage very often leads to several side effects including hair loss, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, fatigue, increased susceptibility to infections, bone marrow supression, combined with leucopenia, anaemia, easier bruising or bleeding; other less frequent side effects include cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, hand-foot syndrome, impaired mental functions. https . Cancer Epidemiology - Impact Factor, Overall Ranking, Rating, h-index Castell A., Polln M., Buijsse B., Ruiz A., Casas A.M., Baena-Caada J.M., Lope V., Antoln S., Ramos M., Munoz M., et al. Riccardi F., Colantuoni G., Diana A., Mocerino C., Lauria R., Febbraro A., Nuzzo F., Addeo R., Marano O., Incoronato P., et al. Besides, the earlier age of the first menstruation could result in an overall poorer prognosis. E-cadherin is a critical protein in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); loss of its expression leads to the gradual transformation into mesenchymal phenotype which is further associated with increased risk of metastasis. Interestingly, postmenopausal women tend to present poorer clinical outcomes despite proper BMI values but namely due to excessive fat volume [97]. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide with 2.26 million [95% UI, 2.242.79 million] new cases in 2020 [5]. Herschkowitz J.I., Simin K., Weigman V.J., Mikaelian I., Usary J., Hu Z., Rasmussen K.E., Jones L.P., Assefnia S., Chandrasekharan S., et al. Hepatitis B and C viruses and some types of HPV increase the risk for liver and cervical cancer, respectively. a person grows older. Impact Factor: 2.89. Contrarily to the above-mentioned study, Thune et al. Rahman N., The Breast Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration (UK) Seal S., Thompson D., Kelly P., Renwick A., Elliott A., Reid S., Spanova K., Barfoot R., et al. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer Familial breast cancer: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Breast cancer incidence trends in Asian women aged 20 or older as compared to other ethnic women in the United States from 2000 to 2018 by time period, age and tumor stage. Hennessy B.T., Gonzalez-Angulo A.-M., Stemke-Hale K., Gilcrease M.Z., Krishnamurthy S., Lee J.-S., Fridlyand J., Sahin A.A., Agarwal R., Joy C., et al. Follow-up study of twenty-four families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. . Chen et al. Mandaliya H., Jones M., Oldmeadow C., Nordman I.I.C. The overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective as Borcherding N., Cole K., Kluz P., Jorgensen M., Kolb R., Bellizzi A., Zhang W. Re-Evaluating E-Cadherin and -Catenin. The most common cancers vary between countries. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: Results from Nutri Net-Sant prospective cohort. It is published by Elsevier BV. Cancer Epidemiology Latest Journal's Impact IF 2022-2023 | Ranking Reproductive factors and subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor and histology. Weigelt B., Geyer F.C., Reis-Filho J.S. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Collection: Epidemiology of Aging and Cancer, Collection: Cancer Epidemiology in Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations, Collection: US Cancer Disparities Statistics, Collection: Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic/Latino Populations, Collection: Colorectal Cancer: Screening and Early-Onset CRC, Collection: Informing Public Health Policy, Circadian Disruption and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Black Women, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance among Individuals with Cirrhosis: Trends by Payer, Etiology, and Calendar Year, from a Statewide, Multi-Payer Dataset, 20102018, Impact of Brief Quality Improvement Coaching on Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial, HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation, Predicted proteome association studies of breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers implicate plasma protein regulation in cancer susceptibility, Characteristics of Cancer Epidemiology Studies that Employ Metabolomics: A Scoping Review, Variations in Genes Encoding Human Papillomavirus Binding Receptors and Susceptibility to Cervical Pre-Cancer, Cigarette and alternative tobacco product use among adult cancer survivors enrolled in 9 ECOG-ACRIN clinical trials. Makki J. Diversity of Breast Carcinoma: Histological Subtypes and Clinical Relevance. Besides, a history of any other non-cancerous alternations in breasts such as atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or many other proliferative or non-proliferative lesions, also increases the risk significantly [66,67,68]. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Shiyanbola O.O., Arao R.F., Miglioretti D.L., Sprague B.L., Hampton J.M., Stout N.K., Kerlikowske K., Braithwaite D., Buist D.S., Egan K.M., et al. Kyu H.H., Bachman V.F., Alexander L.T., Mumford J.E., Afshin A., Estep K., Veerman L., Delwiche K., Iannarone M.L., Moyer M.L., et al. Cancer Epidemiology is a journal covering the technologies/fields/categories related to Cancer Research (Q2); Epidemiology (Q2); Oncology (Q2). Currently, about 80% of patients with BC are individuals aged >50. According to the studies conducted so far, increased exposure to ALAN is associated with a significantly greater risk of breast cancer compared to individuals with lowered ALAN exposure [116]. Triple negative breast cancer subtypes and pathologic complete response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In younger women, disruptions of the menstrual cycle and fertility issues might also appear. Folkerd E., Dowsett M. Sex hormones and breast cancer risk and prognosis. Fisher B., Bryant J., Wolmark N., Mamounas E., Brown A., Fisher E.R., Wickerham D.L., Begovic M., DeCillis A., Robidoux A., et al. Other hypotheses include direct and indirect carcinogenic effects of alcohol metabolites and alcohol-related impaired nutrient intake [101]. Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Associations Between Gestational Chemical Mixtures and Child Neurodevelopment Sharma R. Global, regional, national burden of breast cancer in 185 countries: Evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018. In this brief report, we offer a concise overview on current cancer epidemiology garnered from the official databases of World Health Organization and American Cancer Society and provide recent information on frequency, mortality, and survival expectancy of the 15 leading types of cancers worldwide. Available online: Porter P. Westernizing Womens Risks? Jones M., Schoemaker M.J., Wright L.B., Ashworth A., Swerdlow A.J. Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Core Needle Biopsy Samples with the Prosigna Assay. Thompson D. Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers. The recent update of breast cancer staging by the biologic markers improved the outcome prediction in comparison to prior staging based only on anatomical features of the disease.
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