Two major tributaries feed the Nile: the Blue Nile, which delivers more water; and the White Nile, which reaches deeper into the heart of Africa. Omissions? With Kenya and Uganda sharing Lake Victoria, their valid claims to the land saw Africa's "smallest war" erupt in 2009. Human Presence, Image of the Day Much of Speke's Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile is a description of the physical features of Africa's races, in whose condition he found "a strikingly existing proof of the Holy Scriptures. What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, published the following year, was intended in part to bolster Speke's importance as an explorer and his claims to have found the source of the Nile, which were disputed by many, including Burton, with whom Speke had had a bitter falling out. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hanning-Speke, John Hanning Speke - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1864. Content in English. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Lake Victoria was largely accepted as the source of the White Nile. Victoria, Lake. Lake Victoria - Wikiwand On an expedition to find the Nile River, English explorer John Hanning Speke was the person who discovered Lake Victoria in 1858. What were the explorer David Livingstone's '3 Cs'? Stanley was soon recruited by King Leopold of Belgium to build stations along the Congo and bypass the unnavigable rapids with roadways and railroads. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. George Fuller went for assistance leaving Davis to attend him; but Speke survived for only about 15 minutes, and when Mr. Yemen--Aden, - Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Stanley also planned to circumnavigate Lake Tanganyika, to see if it was the source of the Nile, as Burton had suggested. Who discovered Lake Victoria? - Quora Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Formerly known to the Arabs as Ukerewe, the lake was named by Speke in honour of Queen Victoria of England. The Great Lakes region includes high lying lakes such as Lake Turkana, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi and. . It was later found out that Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile. [6], Local Church Missionary Society records indicate that Speke fathered a daughter whilst staying at the court of Muteesa I the Kabaka (or King) of Buganda. [citation needed], An inquest concluded that the death was accidental, a conclusion supported by his only biographer Alexander Maitland, though the idea of suicide has appealed to some. RM G14W1H - John Hanning Speke (1827-1864) was an officer in the British Indian Army who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa and who is most associated with the search for the source of the Nile and the discovery and naming of Lake Victoria. Forbath, Peter. In contrast, Jeal said, "Burton's racism is often forgotten His attitude to Africans was deplorable. Burton's condescending assessment of Speke's character was so devastating that seven Burton biographies published in the past 50 years support his ideas, Jeal said. While Burton was knighted, Speke was denied the honour. [12] Whilst Meri visited Speke several times after this incident, the couple did not reconcile. David Livingstone In 1853, the missionary-explorer had set out from Linyanti, in what is now Namibia, and headed north up the Zambezi and then north-west to find a route to the Atlantic coast which he hoped would open the way for Western trade and Christianity to penetrate to the heart of the continent. Increasingly hampered by malaria, he disappeared for several years in the late 1860s, inspiring a rescue mission by another crazed explorer, Henry Morton Stanley, who walked 7,000 miles in brutal conditions to find Livingstone near Lake Tanganyika in modern Tanzania. [9] Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The lakes deeply indented northern coast is flat and bare. Speke handed Burton his diaries, which Burton used as an appendix in his own book on his travels to Harrar. (August Heinrich) - Stieler, Adolf - Kramer, A. Researchers are encouraged to review the source information attached to each item. The lake is crossed by the equator, and is the chief source of the Nile River. Beyond solving one of the nineteenth century's geographical unknowns, Stanley's expedition createdand widely publicizedthe sentiment that the interior of Africa was open and accessible to all of Europe. Jeal said: "Burton became painfully jealous of Speke for upstaging him by 'discovering' Lake Victoria on a solo excursion during their joint expedition to Lake Tanganyika. The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. On July 28, 1862, Speke, not accompanied by Grant for this portion of the journey, found the Niles exit from the lake and named it Ripon Falls. ." His observations became the foundation for Belgian King Leopold's violent Congo Free State and inspired a period of imperialism whose effects continue today. Burton was still extremely weak, and once he appeared in front of a committee of the RGS he was not able to make a convincing case for his leading a second expedition to settle the outstanding matters about the Nile. RM FNXNHM - Sir Henry Morton Stanley, 1841-1904, a Welsh journalist and explorer, famous for his discovery of the source of the Nile RM BCPK3F - Derelict pontoon at source of the nile Jinja Uganda Africa RF H047XF - Rainy afternoon on the Source of the Nile, in Jinja, Uganda. He was promoted lieutenant in 1850 and captain in 1852. [17] A contemporary account of the events surrounding his death appeared in The Times:[18], At about 2.30 p.m. on the same day [15 September 1864] Speke set out from his uncle's house in company with his cousin, George Fuller, and a gamekeeper, Daniel Davis, for an afternoon's shooting in Neston Park. Find clues for john hanting , devon born explorer who discovered lake victoria in 1858 (5)/873773 or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers. Lake Victoria: Africa's Greatest Lake | Ocean Info Land. In the The most remote source that is indisputably a source for the White Nile is the Kagera River, which was discovered by German explorer Oscar Baumann, and geographically determined in 1937 by Burkhart Waldecker;[20] however, the Kagera has tributaries that are in contention for the farthest source of the White Nile. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues. 29 Jun. Its waters fill a shallow depression in the centre of the great plateau that stretches between the Western and Eastern Rift Valleys. Considering the obstacles faced by explorers of the age, which included deadly disease, bloody tribal attacks, and starvation, Stanley's expedition around Lake Victoria was relatively uneventful. . John Hanning Speke discovered Lake Victoria in 1858 after leaving his partner Richard Burton due to his falling ill. Answers for John Hanning , Devon born explorer who discovered Lake Victoria in 1858 (5) crossword clue, 5 letters. Today, renamed the Congo, it continues to have periodic bouts of politically motivated violence. Lake Victoria | Size, Map, Countries, & Facts | Britannica Their intention was to find a great lake said to lie in the heart of Africa and to be the origin of the Nile. The new material shows Speke as more tolerant and insightful about Africans than most explorers of his day. Includes bibliographical references. His reign of terror, which included routine executions and punishment by amputation, was finally discovered by the rest of Europe by 1907. Directed by Henry King, starring Spencer Tracy, Cedric Hardwicke and Richard Greene, 1939. It was hoped that the expedition would locate the source of the Nile. John Hanning Speke, (born May 3, 1827, Bideford, Devon, Englanddied September 15, 1864, near Corsham, Wiltshire), British explorer who was the first European to reach Lake Victoria in East Africa, which he correctly identified as a source of the Nile. [6] (This lake's being substantially higher than Lake Tanganyika did make it a more likely candidate for the source of the Nile. Frank Weston (1871--1924) was an Anglican clergyman who served as bishop of Zanzibar (present-day Tanzania) in 1908--24. By the late eighteenth century interest in Africa and its navigable waterways intensified as slave trading reached a terrible high, and a transportation route through the continent was much sought after. John Hanning Speke. He tried for several weeks to secure men and canoes for the journey, but stories from Arab traders of the dreadful cannibals who lined the thick jungle, and the dangerous rapids along the route, prevented his departure. Appendices: 1. Lake Victoriacalled the freshwater heart of Africais the world's largest tropical lake; it covers an area about the size of Scotland. A detailed survey of the lake was made by Sir William Garstin in 1901. It is estimated that Lake Victoria covers approximately 26,827 sq mi (69,484 sq km), and you cannot remain unimpressed with Lake Victoria's size. The main tributaries of the worlds longest river meet in Khartoum, Sudan. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The lake boasts a maximum depth of 80 to 84 m (262 to 276 ft). But Speke died suddenly in Corsham, while climbing a wall holding a shotgun. Lacking a great deal of guns and soldiers, the only thing the expedition could do was make peace offerings to locals, and both men were severely delayed and their supplies depleted by demands for gifts and passage fees by smaller local chieftains. Since Europeans began exploring Africa, controversy has dogged the hunt for the remotest source of the Nile. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Hanning_Speke&oldid=1160995234, This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 00:04. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. This incident probably led to larger troubles later on. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Previously unpublished documents cast fresh light on Speke, showing he was very different to the character portrayed by Sir Richard Burton, his travelling companion, whose denigrating image has long been accepted by historians. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/henry-morton-stanley-circumnavigates-africas-lake-victoria-and-explores-entire-length-congo-river, Exploration of the Nile River: A Journey of Discovery and Imperialism. Bombay's efforts in dealing with hostile tribes, interpreting and keeping the safari crew on track, was a great help to the expedition. This mid-19th-century British map shows the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring parts of Africa, including Egypt, the Sudan, and Abyssinia. The dam provides hydroelectric power on a large scale and made the lake a vast reservoir. The British explorer John Hanning Speke (1827-64) is famed for being the first European to visit Lake Victoria and to identify it as the source of the Nile. Henry Morton Stanley Circumnavigates Africa's Lake Victoria and Explores the Entire Length of the Congo RiverOverviewThe nineteenth century introduced a period of European-led African exploration unlike any other in history. The Journal of African Travel Writing. New York: Harper and Row, 1977. There was a single wound in his left side such as would be made by a cartridge if the muzzle of the guna Lancaster breech-loader without a safety guardwere close to the body; the charge had passed upwards through the lungs dividing all the large blood vessels over the heart, though missing the heart itself. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Sir Richard Burton | Biography, Facts, & Arabian Nights On his way to look for the Lualaba, loosely following Livingstone's last route, he spotted the confluence of the Lualaba and Luama Rivers, adding to the theory that if the Lualaba were actually the Congo, it was fed periodically by smaller streams. At this point the team counted a total of 32 battles with hostile, allegedly cannibalistic, tribes. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Other geographers theorized that the Congo was actually a smaller waterway feeding a larger, as yet unnamed, river. It is the second-oldest freshwater lake in the world, the second-largest by volume, and the second-deepest, in all cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. [6]:105111 Jeal concludes that Burton's claim of a promise from Speke not to go to the RGS was improbable. Name the first person who journeyed through China. He "divorced her on the spot" in April 1862 after she defied his orders regarding the sacrifice of a goat. Although not a scientist, Stanley was sent back out to answer the geographic questions left following Livingstone's death in 1873. Q. But the Encyclopedia Britannica (among others happily cites the year British colonizers visited as the actual "discovery" date. Pdf. Name the person who discovered Greenland in 982 A.D. 2. Who reached N America for the first time in history in 1000 A.D.? The search by Europeans for the source of the Nile led to the sighting of the lake by the British explorer John Hanning Speke in 1858. The lakes shores vary in aspect. Rejoining Burton and Herne, the trio eventually managed to escape with a boat passing along the coast. [21][22] This "race" comprised many tribes, including the Watusi (Tutsi). "[21] Living alongside the locals, Speke claimed to have found a "superior race" of "men who were as unlike as they could be from the common order of the natives" due to their "fine oval faces, large eyes, and high noses, denoting the best blood of Abyssinia" ; that is, Ethiopia. The misunderstanding laid the foundation of their later disputes and dislikes. CASA FACTS 1857-1914 Flashcards | Quizlet Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Burton was incapacitated and had to be carried by bearers but this had been true for a great deal of the trip. The former is alleged to have been the one who named and discovered Lake Victoria and subsequently, the source of the Nile. One of the first European sightings of the Congo River occurred in the late fifteenth century, when Portuguese slave traders glimpsed the river's outlet at the Atlantic Ocean. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues. He finally stopped at Embomma, only a day's journey from the end of the river, satisfied that he had completed his goal to explore the unknown sections of the Congo. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. By 1872 there was still no factual evidence supporting which body of water was the true source of the Nile River. Side Trips in Serengeti National Park Side Trip to Lake Victoria: In or Out? This era under Leopold's covert control proved to be a period of the worst abuse and exploitation of Africans in history. Important MCQs about Explorations and Discoveries For Job Test - Ilmi Hub This caused some hard feelings between Petherick and Speke, and Baker played into this so he could assume a greater role as an explorer and co-discoverer of the Nile. Original resource at: Qatar National Library. In Kazeh Burton became gravely ill and Speke went temporarily blind as they travelled further west. At an estimated 6,695 kilometers (4,160 miles), the Nile is one of the longest, if not the very longest, river on Earth. With these structures in place, Leopold soon turned the Congo into the Congo Free State. It was completed in 1999 and began producing hydroelectric power the next year. Lake Victoria - Wikipedia Title devised, in English, by Library staff. The Biodiversity Crisis: Lake Victoria | AMNH Ethiopia--Oromya--Gor, - The lake rests between three countries namely, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Land There has been only one biography about Speke, published 40 years ago. The Adventures of Sir Richard Francis Burton in Africa 13)", "The Search for the Sources of the White Nile and Egyptian-Sudanese Relations", "Relocating Burton: Public and Private Writings on Africa", Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution. Henry Morton Stanley Circumnavigates Africa's Lake Victoria and Captain John Hanning Speke (4 May 1827 - 15 September 1864) was an English explorer and officer in the British Indian Army who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa. Biographers described him as "inhibited and prudish", with suggestions he was a repressed homosexual or "entirely sexless a sad figure compared with the sexually active Burton". Discovered by John Speke in 1858 and named after the then Queen (Victoria) who was at the reins of England that time. Tim Jeal, author of a new book Explorers of the Nile, has unearthed evidence that has convinced him Speke's achievements were "diminished by what a very skilful, clever but ultimately cynical person had done to him". Since Europeans began exploring Africa, controversy has dogged the hunt for the remotest source of the Nile. Stanley set out on another expedition in the mid-1870s. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). Burton and Speke- discovered Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria Speke and Grant- discovered Rippon Falls Dr. Livingstone- discovered Victoria Falls Stanley- found Dr. Livingstone Baker and von Sass- discovered Lake Albert. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It appears that just as Burton had overplayed his hand after the first trip Speke now did the same. first 50 days the expedition encountered several suspected cannibal tribes that flocked toward the slow-moving Stanley caravan in fast canoes, shooting poisoned arrows and sounding war cries. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. [14], Baker and Florence, meanwhile, stayed in Gondokoro and tried to settle the flow of the river from there to Lake Victoria by traveling south. Speke had, in fact, fallen hopelessly in love with an African woman in Uganda and showed astonishing frankness in giving tribesmen and women sexual advice. - MERGULHADOS NO PNTANO, Adeus implantes dentrios: medicamento que regenera dentes est em fase de testes, Astrnomos afirmam ter descoberto um planeta "canibal", Foguete da SpaceX coloca em rbita a primeira fbrica espacial da histria, Telescpio James Webb detecta o buraco negro ativo mais distante j registrado, Os dois dias mais quentes da histria foram registrados nesta semana, Estudo revela que o tempo corria 5 vezes mais lentamente no incio do universo, NASA divulga imagem espetacular de Saturno e seus anis, Criatura marinha pode ser a chave para a descoberta da fonte da juventude, NASA isola quatro voluntrios por mais de um ano para simular misso a Marte, Sortudo encontra rara moeda de ouro avaliada em quase R$ 3 milhes na Inglaterra, Casal ganha fortuna ao descobrir que decorao de quintal era relquia egpcia, Rara moeda que mostra crucificao de Jesus descoberta em Israel, A histria do desempregado que "invocou espritos" e encontrou um tesouro histrico, "Cofrinho" da Era Viking encontrado com 87 moedas de mil anos em ilha britnica, Raras moedas de ouro da poca da peste medieval so encontradas na Inglaterra, Revelado o contedo de misteriosa caixa encontrada em estrada viking, Raro diamante pode ser leiloado pelo valor recorde de US$ 38 milhes, Espada medieval usada em batalha histrica encontrada com a ajuda de detector de metais, Novo jato supersnico silencioso da NASA est prestes a ser testado, Cabea de esttua encontrada em lago pode ter decorado lendrio barco de Calgula, Antiga canoa Maia encontrada em "portal para o submundo" no Mxico, Ex-oficial do governo dos EUA diz que Mussolini ocultou queda de vni na Itlia, Percy Fawcett, o explorador que desapareceu no Brasil e inspirou Indiana Jones. Lake Victoria Facts This Will Blow Your Mind | Kidadl For over a decade after Speke's accidental death, Burton did his utmost to persuade the British public that the dead man had been a deluded nonentity." Both explorers were stricken with malaria, but Speke recovered sufficiently to proceed northward to the southern end of an enormous lake, which he named Victoria after the British queen. Lake Tanganyika (/ t n j i k ,- n-/) is an African Great Lake. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Land. . 1854 to 1863, - This infiltration included money-seeking traders and missionaries, who convinced hundred of tribes to convert to Christianity and adopt its social code. Speke, John Hanning, Author.
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who discovered lake victoria
